Loading ...Racist Profiling: Why Do Mainstream Media and Officials Ignore the Data?
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One glaring aspect of the mainstream media’s treatment of the Gates incident is its general failure to discuss research data on racial profiling. Data-free opinions increasingly trump investigative reporting seeking empirical evidence. Racist profiling of African Americans and other Americans of color of color remains widespread. There is much empirical evidence.
One Gallup poll found that 83 percent of the black respondents thought that racial profiling was widespread, and in another recent poll some 20 percent of black respondents reported that they had faced such such racial profiling or other discrimination by police in the last 30 days.
A recent ACLU report has summarized racial-profiling research studies involving numerous police departments as showing
large differences in the rate of stops and searches for African Americans and Latinos, and often, Indians (Native Americans) and Asians, even though these groups are less likely to have contraband.
There have also been a number of recent court settlements. In 2008 the ACLU and other plaintiffs settled a class action lawsuit on racial profiling by Maryland State Police (MSP) officers in the Interstate 95 corridor. Studies over a long period showed motorists of color were disproportionately targeted and stopped and searched without good reason. An ACLU report notes that the settlement
agreement provides substantial damages to the individual plaintiffs, a requirement that the MSP retain an independent consultant to assess its progress towards eliminating the practice of racial profiling, and a joint statement by all parties involved in the lawsuit condemning racial profiling and highlighting the importance of taking preventative action against this practice in the future.
This profiling by police is not the only racial profiling that Americans of color face. Researchers Thomas Ainscough, Carol Motley, and Anne-Marie Harris, among others, have reported on audit and other studies that show discriminatory treatment of black and white customers in retail establishments, including poor service and various kinds of surveillance, searches, and neglect routines.
A recent Southern Poverty Law Center report Under Siege: Life for Low-Income Latinos in the South found too that in southern areas Latinos
are routinely cheated out of their earnings and denied basic health and safety protections. They are regularly subjected to racial profiling and harassment by law enforcement. . . . And they are frequently forced to prove themselves innocent of immigration violations, regardless of their legal status. (p. 4)
Numerous other studies (see here) show these patterns for many other walks of live, for African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Middle Eastern Americans. Many whites seem predisposed to see African Americans and other Americans of color as inherently deviant or criminal, a centuries-old idea in the white racial framing of this society. It is no wonder black men like Professor Gates often run into this problem. It probably happens millions of times a year in the United States.
One can think of a number of strategies against profiling. For several years, U.S. House member John Conyers and U.S. Senator Russ Feingold have introduced the End Racial Profiling Act, which prohibits racial profiling and requires law enforcement departments to collect stop-and-search data, to have effective complaint procedures, and to insure that those abused by police departments have a right to sue. This legislation has yet to be passed. (Guess why?) In May 2008 even the United Nations Special Rapporteur on racism called on the US Congress to pass the End Racial Profiling Act, as well as to set up an investigative commission to examine continuing racial discrimination.
Interestingly, there are modest educational steps that might help somewhat. Thus, in one psychological study Canadian researchers showed 264 photos of Chinese, black, and white male faces to 20 whites. After they had been trained these volunteers for hours on seeing subtle differences in these human faces, white volunteers were less likely to associate negative words and concepts with black faces than they were before the training. One researcher suggests that such training in seeing facial differences might reduce racial profiling by police and others. What do you think?
Darin said: “What about whites who had no part in slavery?
What about blacks who had no part in slavery?
What about other races?
Would reparations actually make things better, anyway?
How will we all act the day after reparations have been made?”
You made several points Darin. But I’ll address the above tonight. Also, it was actually heartening when you said:
“How would I feel? I’d be enraged. I’d probably want to kill whoever did it. In fact, I’d probably be tempted to impute guilt for it to the entire race of those who did it.”
First of all, I think the reparations issue is extremely complicated. Congress could yell all year on this one and never even come close to a resolution. Plus, the questions you raised are Exactly the ones congressmen would argue about.
What about whites whose ancestors actually never owned slaves? What about black men who never experienced actual neo-slavery but Were subject to Jim Crow? What about whites whose ancestors never owned slaves but /who worked for/ received paychecks from/ companies like US Steel who used free black convict labor after the Civil War?
And what about dollar amounts? How is that calculated? Does the treasury calculate all the monetary value a given slave’s work was worth and then pay their progeny [300 years later] this amount? And how do we track down progeny? It’s not like careful birth records were kept on a computer 400 years ago, or even 175 years ago.
What do I believe? In a perfect world, blacks should be compensated for the horrors their ancestors suffered. In the world we live in, I think Affirmative Action is the least America should guarantee its black citizens, and absolutely Should be enforced. So, the reparations issue, as you stated it Darin [in terms of actually handing each black person a check for lost income due their ancestors] is probably never going to happen. Again, in an ideal world it would be a wonderful concept. But then, in an ideal world, Slavery Would Never Have Existed.
I don’t think any whites should whine about affirmative action. Period. I think whites are being cruel to deny racism exists. I also think whites are being unrealistic to claim “America is wide open to blacks..they just have to want it badly enough.” Not true. Racism is all over the place and the Advantage is on the side of the White Man. Asians also have the advantage of Just Not Being Black. I know they work their butts off, but they’re also not vastly different looking from whites.
I could tell you So Many instances of observing black people lately where I see racism that I never considered before. You just have to look with new eyes. This website has made me do this. Like I said in an earlier post, I’m surprised at myself for the amount of time I spend thinking about racism. It’s so obvious, but I really have blocked it out for years.
For example: I went to the bank yesterday with a friend who saw a very over weight black woman getting into a Mercedes. She looked at me like, “Wow, she’s not so poor after all.” I said, “Why are you surprised she drives a Mercedes?” She replied , “I don’t know I thought she was poor.” Then I said, “Why did you assume she was poor, because she was black and over weight?”
Well, my friend, to her credit, is a decent person and after a moment said, “You’re right. I guess I assumed she was poor because she was black And very over weight. If it had been an over weight white woman, I would not have assumed that.”
Before I discovered this website, I would have let my friend’s comment go..even though I wouldn’t have agreed with it. I just wouldn’t have Really Been Curious What Her Rationale Was For Saying This. Now I feel compelled to discover these hidden rationales.
See Darin? These stereotypes that whites carry around in their heads are Hurting Black People Tremendously On So Many Levels! That’s what I mean by this racism stuff is literally everywhere. You just have to want to see.
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>Again, it’s called saving face.
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this what No1 and I mentioned is not about ’saving face’ but (white) power
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>I just think I don’t understand your style of communicating. Again, I know this must sound terribly rude
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You don’t understand my point of view which isn’t a problem of style. Even with Oxford English you wouldn’t understand, because you don’t want or can’t. When you have a problem to talk with somebody with English as a second language, just skip my posts.
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in addition ellen, for me all your antics are just a sign to avoid the topic No1 and I were talking about, for whatever reason you feel the need to consider it as something universal rather then typical for whites in denial and/or also deliberate racism.
My additional thoughts about your fear of an ‘angry looking Black men’ approaching you are even related with the topic at hand: The subtle demand of whites that Black people don’t act or speak in a ‘threatening’ way. And what is considered as threatening is perception.
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>“What about whites who had no part in slavery?
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irrelevant. Reparations are paid by governments and not individuals. Furthermore, racial discrimination in the US was supported via government (laws etc.) until 1964 which means that Black people directly affected are still alive. Indirect racist laws like drug laws for example negatively impact Black people up to today.
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jwbe Said: “The subtle demand of whites that Black people don’t act or speak in a ‘threatening’ way. And what is considered as threatening is perception.”
There was Nothing Subtle about my psychological Self-examination/Test. It Was A Clear Case of Criticizing Myself! I asked myself why I felt this way, already Acknowledging How Wrong It Was. Can’t you READ?
You admitted English was Your Second Language. Now I get it. You just don’t pick up on written subtleties very well. Not your fault. Wish you’d explained That In The First Place! THAT EXPLAINS WHY YOU WRITE IN A MUDDLED FASHION. Cause you really do!
But doesn’t it follow that if I have difficulty understanding the gist of your arguments, you have difficulty understanding mine? So, don’t bug me if you’re not entirely clear about What I Said. Thank you!
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ellen, read more about Joe’s white racial frame, one day you will perhaps understand how it works.
You already don’t understand No1Kstate’s comment, therefore my English can’t be the reason. You can of course blame me, that’s easier for you;-)
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>I asked myself why I felt this way, already Acknowledging How Wrong It Was. Can’t you READ?
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and nonetheless, what looks ‘angry’ or sounds ‘angry’ is perception
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Whoa, whoa jwbe: “Reparations are paid by governments and not individuals.” By a goverment that is supported by individual’s tax dollars. Im not sure how it works in Europe, but some of those reparations (if monetary means were used) would come from good ol’ American tax $$$.
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@siss, I know that government spends tax money and also would use tax money for reparations.
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This part is irrelevant: “What about whites who had no part in slavery?
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In the same way that it is irrelevant how every individual white German acted in Nazi Germany, nations committed the crimes against humanity, directly and also via laws etc. They offered the frame in which these crimes were possible, therefore these crimes can’t be reduced to individuals. Whites benefited and acted as a collective, therefore they are also responsible as a collective.
Silent by-standers do have a part in any oppressive system, because their silence supports them.
Also for example, there is only a certain number of American soldiers in Iraq, it’s nonetheless the US as a nation that is on war with Iraq. Not just some soldiers. The soldiers can only fight there because the US makes it possible. Therefore the US is responsible, regardless if individual citizens are opposed to the war or not. Your tax money is spend on this war and nobody makes a survey to only collect the money from those who are pro war.
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ellen and jwbe – Calm down, both of you. And take a deep breath. You guys are on the same team, as it were, you’re both anti-racist.
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ellen – I think jwbe’s original point, the one about the Southern accent, is that the dynamic he (he, right?) and I were discussing is something all whites do, not just Southerners.
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jwbe – I don’t think ellen intended on “othering” Southerns. I think she just wanted to demonstrate that she knew what we were talking about, that people could say very hateful things in a very nice voice.
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As for ellen’s requests for other whites to comment, I found it odd, too. But I’m going to take her word for it that she wasn’t looking for any “pats on the back,” she was just doing an unscientific survey and/or trying to point out to whites their own biases. But at the end of the day, you’re both trying to learn more about racism in order to combat it. And it seems, ellen, that jwbe sensed a hint of residual racism and was responding to that. She (or maybe, she as opposed to he?) was just trying to help you uncover your unexamined biases, not accusing you of being a racist or taking on some holier-than-thou position. So . . . lets kinda of calm down and assume the best of each other until the other person shows we shouldn’t. Now, I haven’t read through every single one of your posts to each other, just the initial ones. I think if you go back to square one, you can easily resolve your disagreement and then address whatever other conflicts arose out of arguing the first disagreement. It’s something I do myself – resolving the initial conflict first. It generally works and you discover the other disagreements are actually neither here nor there, just a result of misunderstanding.
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And as for seeing a strange man coming towards me looking angry . . . the sense of alert is the same for me, ie an angry strange man is coming towards me, let me get out of his way! I feel as though everyone’s sense of alert should be the same regardless of race. Few black people go around angry with white people just because you’re white. We don’t assume you’re “against us” just because you’re white. I haven’t made a point of noticing whether or not whites display that hesitance. Which is to say, I’m sure it’s happend, I just haven’t kept specific memories. If I do noticed it, I just try to give a general greeting and comment on something inucous like sports or the weather. Essentially, I think it’s a bit silly that any one white person would feel s/he needed to prove their anti-racism to me, a completely stranger. Just so you know, black folks don’t go around sizing up who’s a friend and who’s a foe. If anything, we take the same precautions with all whites cause even “friends” are subject to unexamined racism, subject to becoming “foes.” And we don’t walk around angry over racism. We have groceries to shop for, bills to pay, kids to chauffaur, etc. Online, if we comment on racism, it’s because racism is the topic of the thread, or we saw something racist in the post. It’s not because we got racism on our minds 24/7. In real life, you may indeed come across a black person who’s just experienced some racism and is still in that mood. That’s that individual’s feelings in that moment. Or, maybe we’re angry because, just like your boss is an idiot, our boss is an idiot. So don’t worry that we think you’re a Rush Beck acolyte. We don’t usually care – this is going to be the first and only time we cross paths if I actually notice you in the first place. Don’t be so self-conscious!
* If a black person or a group does harass you cause they’re angry at all white people – access the situation. Is there something else they want that they’re using “white guilt” to get? If that’s the case, just play cool and skoot over so they can have room to sit down or whatever. If that’s not the case and they really are angry at all white people, then ask yourself how many times in your lifetime that has happened to you and get over it.
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Sorry to go “schoolmarm,” but you two are on the same side. You definitely have different perspectives, experiences and dispositions; but, ultimately, you’re own the same side!
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@ siss – You show jwbe’s error in stating that “reparations are paid by govts not individuals” by conversely pointing out that the US is “a goverment that is supported by individual’s tax dollars.” Allow me to point out that as a democracy, the individuals are the govt, right? So it’s not like we’re supporting some other entity with our tax dollars. It’s not like we’re supporting a ceremonial head of state (sorry Britain). We’re supporting ourselves. The strange thing about democracy, though, is that even if individuals die, the govt remains the same. We’re the same country with many of the same laws and certainly much of the same Constitution. All the slaves and slaveowners and whites who benefitted tangentially from slavery are dead, yes. But the govt has been the very same. A govt, by the way, that was supported by tax dollars funded by slave labor. Let’s face it, if it weren’t for the wealth the “Founding Fathers” were able to amass due to slavery, they would have never had the time or energy for some Constitutional Convention. Not to mention on the govt programs, funded in part by blacks paying our share of taxes, that built the white middle class and left black people out, ie GI Bill scholarships and FHA and VA loans. The US owes reparations for slavery, but that ain’t all. And if you feel it’s unfair for you to have to pay for crimes you didn’t commit, hey! As a group of people whose ancestors didn’t get to enjoy the fruit of their labor, a group of people who helped pay for highways that destroyed our communities, we feel your pain. . . . Reparations are due. Individuals die, not governments. People die; money gaims compound interest.
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Yes, leave it to Darin to raise a series of IRRELEVANT questions. Always searching for a tangent, forever fumbling with fallacies…
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1) “What about whites who had no part in slavery?
2) What about blacks who had no part in slavery?
3) What about other races?
4) Would reparations actually make things better, anyway?
5) How will we all act the day after reparations have been made?”
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My response to 1, 2 and 3…. What about them?
Re: #4… Yes, paying reparations will make the situation for which restitution/repair is required “better.” Paying reparations will “make things better” via addressing the debt/deficits instead of allowing the debt/deficits to accumulate, compound and/or persist. That’s all it’s supposed to do.
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Now, if #4 is little more than another way of phrasing #5, then the whole basis of the questions are not only IRRELEVANT (and fallacious) but really speaks to deep-seated psychological issues of anyone who would act differently “the day after reparations have been made” (whatever that nonsense means — i.e. whatever that nonsense is based on).
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Regarding “the day after” mindset… Hmmm… When will that day be? You see, this all comes down to ignorant people basically trying to have their own facts (which is not to be confused with their right to an opinion). One can only have this concept of a “day after reparations” if reparations to African-Americans is seen as a one day event which is terribly at odds with any serious treatment/knowledge of the kind of reparations being sought.
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One last point, which sort of addresses 1, 2, or 3… It’s funny how people who were not alive or not in the country when the U.S. Constitution was drafted feel okay with accepting the privileges and rights (i.e. the protections of individual rights) offered by U.S. citizenship which also comes with all kinds of other ASSETS, material or otherwise, that U.S. citizenship affords them.
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The “whites who had no part in slavery” and “other races”, etc. ALL enjoy those ASSETS — assets which include direct and indirect benefits that came from slavery and anti-black (and anti-Black-competition) discrimination — but then want to act all brand new when its time to deal with the DEBTS/DEFICITS the nation has incurred the same way the ASSETS, call ‘em opportunities (the general economic well-being of the U.S. through the years, etc.), were accumulated.
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So these dime-a-dozen (and IRRELEVANT, fraudulent) questions that Darin gave voiced to are flawed on a number of levels. But let’s get on with it: since anti-reparations people want to have veto powers over what their taxes go to, LET’S DO IT.
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Let’s have a nation-wide movement, a virtual tax referendum, that sets up this kind of individual citizen-approval-necessary tax regime and make it applicable to everything tax dollars go towards and make sure we include back taxes because there’s a bunch of things “MY TAXES” (lol), no doubt, have been used for which includes crimes against humanity which occurred before I was born and ostensibly without a single Black person responsible for or contributing to the crimes (e.g. reparations to Japanese-Americans and to German/European Jews via “Goldtrain” reparations).
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Not to mention on the govt programs, funded in part by blacks paying our share of taxes, that built the white middle class and left black people out, ie GI Bill scholarships and FHA and VA loans.
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Thank you for making the case for “my” BACK TAXES.
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Let’s do this people!!
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Thank you No1KState. I feel better. I’m going to read two chapters of Beloved by Toni Morrison and call you in the morning! lol
But seriously, thanks. You make me feel welcome here. Plus, I have a great post. check this out:
Crime in the News
According to Peter Dreier’s 2005 Journal of Urban Affairs article entitled “How the Media Compound Urban Problems,” a study of news programming was conducted in 56 cities which found that violent crime accounted for two-thirds of all news. While most people are aware that crime is prevalent in the media, this statistic indicates that Americas are being presented with stories that are dangerous in nature—usually about urban areas—almost any time they turn on the television, read the newspaper, or look at news online. One of the reasons this may be the case is that news “sells” when there are sensational stories of this nature. News sources claim to show stories based on the facts, but they also compete with other sources for viewership. Knowing that violent crime stories attract viewers, most news sources report on that as much as they can to draw viewers to watch their particular programs.
Crimes are not shown equally when it comes to race or social demographics. According to R. Elias’ 1994 Humanist article entitled “Official Stories: Media Coverage of American Crime Policy,” most criminals shown are minorities, which is an exaggeration when compared to the number of crimes that minorities actually commit. Additionally, when portrayed in the media, minority suspects are typically shown in handcuffs and escorted by police officers and white suspects are usually shown with their attorneys, according to Dreier.
The point is minority crime Sells! The media Is Irresponsible about this! Way back about a million of my posts ago, I gave the example of how I would feel more anxious if an angry black man were walking down the street toward me than/ angry white man.
I stated, “Maybe this is because I see alot of movies [I Know They're Fictitious but we're talking about reflex reaction here] about black men disliking whites and this scares me.” My anxiety would be ‘Does this black man like or dislike whites?’
I already stated I’ve never had any unpleasant experiences personally with black men. Plus, I have black male friends who are very kind to me. So what accounts for this anxiety? I don’t know. However, I think the cause is Extremely Important. That’s what I’ve been ruminating over for a week.
And please assure jwbe that looking for pats on the back are totally juvenile. I am extremely interested in this topic as a sociological/ psychological phenomenon. If I want a pat on the back I could hug my kids/cat. Please don’t put an educated woman in that dumb category jwbe. Thanks.
Read more: http://racism.suite101.com/article.cfm/stereotypes_of_minorities_in_the_media#ixzz0O78c1Fd0
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@ellen
>Please don’t put an educated woman in that dumb category jwbe. Thanks.
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I didn’t say you are looking for a pat, I said that such questions are often looking for confirmation: ‘Don’t you feel the same’.
I also said, ‘I feel what it means to be me in a society like this, you only read, ‘I feel what it means to be me. The difference you don’t seem to understand and your minor in psychology and your education doesn’t help you alot as it seems.
My writing becomes ‘muddled’ in your perception, because you even don’t try to empathize with what I write.
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There is an article about stereotypes, quote:
“The success of this process of “de-automatization” comes with a few caveats, however. First, even its proponents concede that it works only for people disturbed by the discrepancy between their conscious and unconscious beliefs since unapologetic racists or sexists have no motivation to change. Second, some studies have shown that attempts to suppress stereotypes may actually cause them to return later, stronger than ever. And finally, the results that Monteith and other researchers have achieved in the laboratory may not stick in the real world, where people must struggle to maintain their commitment to equality under less-than-ideal conditions.
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Challenging though that task might be, it is not as daunting as the alternative researchers suggest: changing society itself. Bargh, who likens de-automatization to closing the barn door once the horses have escaped, says that “it’s clear that the way to get rid of stereotypes is by the roots, by where they come from in the first place.” The study of culture may someday tell us where the seeds of prejudice originated; for now, the study of the unconscious shows us just how deeply they’re planted.”
http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199805/where-bias-begins-the-truth-about-stereotypes?page=4
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This is were I come from: Questioning society and with it its entire culture.
You ask where your anxiety might come from, I could give you some of my thoughts to it, but I realize that you aren’t seriously interested in it, otherwise your reactions towards my already existing posts would have been different.
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@ jwbe: I Never Said:
‘Don’t you feel the same’.
I specifically said I would welcome other reactions to my “experiment”.
Sorry, once again you are itching for a fight For Some Strange Reason you target me. Why don’t you attack Some Real Bona Fide Racists who post on this site Instead of Someone who Just Doesn’t Understand your English As A Second Language writing?
By your own admission, you have a reading comprehension problem. If this is the case, then why do you dissect another’s writings if This Is Your Achilles Heal? [I assume you know What That Means..Greek Mythology? I'm beginning to realize with you, I have to spell everything out else you get Confused.]
Stick to the basic 6th grade text from the White Racists who utilize poor vocabulary and spelling. Surely you can understand Them. Then you can vent all your frustrations and criticize Them! Or are you too timid to tackle a Real Racist so you attack me?
What Is It With You? Just jealous of my Cornell Degree in History? Where did you go to college? Yeah..let me guess..you never went. Just as I suspected. And what country are you from anyway? Someone who is so Full of Criticism should be a little more self revealing. Why take stabs at me and then run and hide?
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To jwbe: I refuse to respond to any more of your posts until you answer three questions:
1. What college did you graduate from [if indeed you went at all]?
2. What country are you from?
3. What is your First Language if English is your second?
That’s simple enough. Think you can do that? Thanks. It’s been real.
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This is yet another reason for a Health Care System in America that is accessible to all. This would help many citizens, especially the ones mentioned in the article below.
Young Black males facing mental health crisis
Posted: Friday, September 19, 2008 12:52 pm
A significant increase in mental illness and behavioral problems among adolescent African-American males demonstrates the need for new approaches to treatment and better understanding of the complex challenges facing these youths, according to a policy paper issued by Community Voices: Healthcare for the Underserved, an advocacy group based at Morehouse School of Medicine.
The paper, titled “The Secret Epidemic: Exploring the Mental Health Crisis Affecting Adolescent African-American Males,” outlines data indicating that mental health problems are rising among members of this at-risk group, their access to treatment facilities is relatively low and treatment strategies must be revamped to address the socioeconomic issues that confront them.
“Our research found that many young Black males are treatable, but they are going undiagnosed because of failures in America’s health-care system,” said Dr. Henrie M. Treadwell, Director of Community Voices, a nonprofit seeking to improve health services and access to health care. “Our entire society feels the impact of this failure. Suicides and homicides have increased for this group, and the residual effect is impacting communities across the country. This problem must be addressed.”
Dr. Claire Xanthos, a health services research specialist, wrote the paper, which cites studies showing that Black males ages 15-19 die from homicide at 46 times the rate of their white counterparts and that from 1980 to 1995, the suicide rate for Black adolescents rose from 5.6 to 13 per 100,000 of the population.
Xanthos writes that “these figures should not be surprising since adolescent African-American males in contemporary American society face major challenges to their psychological development and well-being. In addition to dealing with the physical, mental and emotional issues typically experienced during adolescence, adolescent African-American males are confronted with unique social and environmental stressors. They must frequently cope with racism and its associated stressors, including family stressors, educational stressors, and urban stressors.”
Moreover, the paper notes that:
• Racism can affect mental health by reducing socioeconomic status, diminishing access to desirable resources and contributing to poor living conditions.
• When positive adult male role models are absent, many Black youths turn to their peers for help in forming a male identity, an adaptation that often means absorbing negative influences.
• Urban stress is an important factor in the psychological development of young Black males because many live in deprived and dangerous neighborhoods where they are exposed to violence.
• Significant problems are also encountered by Black males who grow up in predominantly white, middle-class communities where they feel distanced from the white youths and also from Blacks from poorer communities.
http://www.louisianaweekly.com/news.php?viewStory=343
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>I specifically said I would welcome other reactions
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I told you my reaction, and I can see now your reaction towards me;-) You try to nullify my knowledge and my experiences.
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>1. What college did you graduate from [if indeed you went at all]?
2. What country are you from?
3. What is your First Language if English is your second?
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1. education is irrelevant when it comes to real life knowledge, most of all in a system of white supremacy where education is eurocentric.
2. Germany
3. see above;-)
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jwbe said: “1. education is irrelevant when it comes to real life knowledge, most of all in a system of white supremacy where education is eurocentric.”
Wow. You really hard core. There’s still a tremendous amount you can learn from written history..including the history of minorities. But, if you want to take the stance, “I’m not reading history, and I don’t have to cause It’s All Eurocentric!”..that’s fine.
By the way, in case you haven’t read about it: the Revolutionary War ended 230 years ago, President Kennedy was assassinated, lots of Hitler’s henchmen got the death sentence at Nuremburg, Micheal Jackson’s dead, Russia is no longer Communist, the Berlin Wall’s down, nobody dances the Jitter Bug anymore, Egypt is no longer ruled by pharoahs, and Cleopatra committed suicide with an asp. Just a quickie run-down.
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for ellen: because I was quoting your question with the college degree, it’s of course: school eduaction is irrelevant when it comes to real life knowledge.
You reveal a lot about yourself btw:-)
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@ Ellen – You’re welcome. Now, I don’t exactly understand the problem between you and jwbe, but just so you know, I don’t want it to seem like I’m welcoming vs jwbe being unwelcoming. jwbe’s cool.
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[...] Numerous research and policy studies, including some by the ACLU, have shown that this type of racial profiling is all too common in the United States today. [...]
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[...] As I have pointed out before, a recent ACLU report has summarized racial profiling studies involving numerous police departments as showing “large differences in the rate of stops and searches for African Americans and Latinos, and often, Indians (Native Americans) and Asians, even though these groups are less likely to have contraband.” [...]
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